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Urban realms model chapter8/18/2023 Due to its geographical context and history, modern Turkey is a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic society. Republic of Turkey is a relatively young, developing and transcontinental country which is located on mostly Anatolian peninsula. Thus, identity of a place is more than just the physical appearance, but also involves a “meaning” for the individual and the community. Place attachment and sense of belonging are crucial in order to establish an emotional and cognitive bond with a place, which leads to the feeling of security and sense of community. In environmental psychology, it is assumed that people intrinsically strive to develop a sense of belonging to a place. Place identity is an important dimension of social and cultural life in urban areas and continuity of place identity is strongly linked to place attachment and sense of belonging. Hence, management and conservation of local heritage and values have become an important aspect in urban design and planning. The influence of neo-liberalism and globalization is very prominent on the development of urban areas and this consequently affects identity of urban environments. Today’s cities are considerably multi-cultural and heterogeneous, more than ever. Besides the ecological sustainability issues, expansion of urban areas, increasing urban population and deterioration of both natural and cultural resources raise the concerns on image and identity of urban landscapes. Consequently, both natural and cultural landscape resources will continue to be under pressure in and around urban settlements. Therefore it seems that the urban environments will continue to grow in order to accommodate more inhabitants. According to United Nation’s (UN) 2011 revision of World Urbanization Prospects, the population living in urban environments is expected to increase from 3.6 billion (2011) to 6.3 million by 2050. Today more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. The end of the last century faced a rapid and dramatic increase in urban population worldwide, mainly because of immigration. On the other hand current studies on sustainability of the urban environments mainly focus on factors like water, air, energy, and transport while urban identity is receiving attention rarely. ![]() Despite the broad context of the issues related to these two processes, it wouldn’t be untrue to say the major global concern that has arisen from urbanization and globalization, is the sustainability of the environment. Urbanization and globalization are obviously two major phenomena that affect our social, economic, cultural lives as well as our physical environment. The major concern of the identity related research is on the sustainability of place identity. However, urbanization and globalization processes, which have caused a rapid change on our environments, have brought the concept of identity on the agenda of planners and designers in the last few decades. Identity has always been a popular research subject for various disciplines, such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, human geography and anthropology.
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